What is a Private Investigator Bond?
Private investigator bonds are a subset of the broader license bond category that must be filed with the government agency (city, county, or state) responsible for regulating security, detective and investigation services in the investigator’s jurisdiction as a condition of licensure for most private investigators (“P.I.’s”), security guards, and detectives . Many states handle private investigator licensing directly, while others allow local municipalities to regulate and license investigators.
Private investigator bonds must be issued by insurance carriers admitted in the state where the government agency requiring the bond resides. The insurance carrier issuing any surety bond, such as a private detective bond, will also be referred to as the “surety company” or the “bond company”. Private investigator bonds refer to the license holder as the Principal, the surety bond company as the Obligor and the government agency as the Obligee.
Why is a Private Investigator Bond required?
P.I.’s are required to purchase license bonds by state and local statutes to protect a government agency by transferring to a surety bond company the cost of ensuring the public is compensated for damages resulting from an investigator breaking state or local public safety regulations. The surety company provides the government a guarantee (the surety bond) that the customers of a licensed private investigator will receive payment for financial damages due to a violation of the statutes and regulations pertaining to the private investigator license up to a limit specified in the bond (“penal sum” or “bond amount”). The bond company also directly receives claims from the public and determines the validity of claims. Ultimately, detectives are responsible for their actions and required by law to reimburse the surety company for any payments made under the bond or face indefinite license suspension.
Private investigator bond violations triggering a bond payout may include an investigator operating a business without proper licensing, unlawfully invading the privacy of the general public, or impersonating a police officer.
How much does a Private Investigator Bond cost?
Private investigator bonds generally cost between 1% and 5% of the bond limit.
Example: $10,000 Private Investigator Bond Cost
| Credit Score | Premium Rate | Bond Cost |
|---|---|---|
| 650 or above | 1.0% | $100 |
| 625-649 | 1.25% | $125 |
| 600-624 | 2.5% | $250 |
| 575-599 | 3.0% | $300 |
| 550-574 | 4.0% | $400 |
| 549 or below | 5.0% | $500 |
The actual cost of a specific private investigator bond can vary widely depending on the risk associated with legal precedent in the jurisdiction, the language in the bond form and the investigator’s license history, experience and creditworthiness. Private investigator bonds required by a local government (city or county) tend to have the lowest cost, while state requirements have potentially higher costs and/or more strict underwriting requirements.
Is a Credit Check Required for Private Investigator Bonds?
Credit checks are required for most private investigator bonds required by state agencies. P.I. bonds required by cities, townships or counties with bond amounts under $25,000 generally do not require a credit check to purchase the bond. Ultimately, the surety insurance company determines how it will underwrite and price a surety bond.
How does the wording in the bond form impact the cost of a Private Investigator Bond?
The bond form is a tri-party agreement which defines the rights and obligations of the government agency (obligee), surety company (obligor) and investigator (principal). While many bond forms use similar language, each bond form can be customized by the government agency requiring the specific bond and may contain provisions that increase potential costs for the surety company, which will ultimately be passed on to the P.I. via higher bond premiums, stricter underwriting or collateral. The primary text to consider in a private investigator bond surrounds (1) aggregate limits, (2) cancellation provisions and (3) forfeiture clauses.
Aggregate Limits
Bond forms always specify the penal sum defined as the maximum amount of financial damages any single party can recover from the bond related to a single claim occurrence. Most bond forms also contain a clause which limits the amount of financial damages from all parties and all claims to a specific amount (“aggregate limit”), usually the same amount as the penal sum. For example, a $15,000 private investigator bond with an aggregate limit of $15,000 will pay out no more than $15,000, regardless of the number of damaged parties or claim occurrences. Investigator bonds without an aggregate limit will be more expensive than a bond with similar coverage containing an aggregate limit.
Cancellation Provisions
Most bonds contain a provision allowing for the surety company to cancel the bond (“Cancellation Provision”) by providing a notice to the P.I. and government agency requiring the bond with the cancellation taking effect within a set period of time, usually 30 days (“Cancellation Period”). Cancellation provisions allow the surety company to cancel the bond for any reason, but most often due to the private investigator failing to pay premiums due, claim payouts, or material changes in the P.I’’s credit score. Bonds with no cancellation provision or cancellation periods greater than 30 days will be more expensive than a bond with similar coverage containing a standard cancellation provision.
Forfeiture Clause
Surety bond claims are paid by surety companies to damaged parties to reimburse that party for the financial loss incurred up to the bond penalty amount. Certain bonds contain a clause which requires the surety company to pay the full bond penalty to the damaged party, regardless of the actual damages incurred (“Forfeiture Clause”). Private investigator bonds with forfeiture clauses will be more expensive than a bond with similar coverage that does not contain the clause.